Java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class - May 8, 2019 · 1 Usually it is caused by class conflict. There is multiple version of the jar used in your project,and java picked the incorrect one. You can check which version is really in dependency hierarchy by passing the artifactId.

 
I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the .... Handr block tax classes 2022

Sep 20, 2012 · 4 Answers. This problem is caused by not including the asm dependencies that cglib has. Solution 1: Add the correct versions of asm and asm-util to your classpath. Solution 2: Use the cglib-nodep version (which includes both asm dependencies). I can't thank you enough for your valuable answer for the problem. Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscriptI am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...2 Answers Sorted by: 1 This is an old question, but I think it deserves a better answer. There are actually two things going on here. Some time before the exception that the Question is talking about, the JVM has attempted to execute the static initialization for the AccessorFactory class.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsI am using Windows10, eclipse-neon with JDK1.8 version, I am getting the following exception. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.bytedeco.jav...Jul 2, 2021 · when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatch java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.jetbrains.kotlin.com.intellij.pom.java.LanguageLevel 5 Difficulties enabling Kotlin in React Native Expo with Bare WorkflowYou're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ... Seems like you are missing a class on your CLASSPATH.That may be caused by various issues, you have to make sure org.owasp.esapi.reference.DefaultValidator is found by the server's CLASSPATH.May 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh It seems Apache POI is trying to load the class org.apache.xmlbeans.XMLOptions but it cannot find this class. The message Could not initialize class SomeClass indicates that the JVM has twice tried and failed to load and statically initialize the class SomeClass. In this case, the class in question is org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument.May 13, 2022 · java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class org.apache.spark.storage.StorageUtils$ (in unnamed module @0x12a94400) cannot access class sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.nio.ch to unnamed module hibernate -annotation.jar and hibernate-common-annotation.jar are different? i included hibernate-common-annotation.jar but i still getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration. i am using hibernate with jpa specification –I am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...Nov 1, 2020 · Today, I updated it and everything went downhill. I've been having different errors throughout my attempt to fix this. First error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.invokerhelper. Second error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache. Anyways, I've been researching and I've done the following. Mar 30, 2017 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams I am getting this exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 and java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache) when i run the spring boot application. I am using below toolsJul 25, 2019 · I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger. when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatchJun 28, 2021 · I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ... Mar 8, 2020 · I'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.6 May 25, 2016 · I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ... Feb 20, 2013 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams Mar 30, 2017 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Removing certain elements from a list of lists Oct 25, 2020 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 I don't understand why this happens because I'm not even using Gradle! I'm using Maven as in any of my Spring Boot Projects but this problem only happens whenever I add the Spring Data Cassandra Dependency. Could not initialize class org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j in docker container. I am trying to import a KERAS file in a docker container with a program that has the following java code sample: String weights = getFile (_modelFile).getAbsolutePath (); String modelConfiguration = getFile (_configFile).getAbsolutePath (); _model = KerasModelImport ...Java.Lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could Not Initialize Class エラーを根絶するためのソリューション 今日は、別の実行時エラーについて学習します: java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class. まず、このエラーが発生した Java プログラムを調べて、考えられる理由につい ...20. I'm working on XUbuntu 13.04 and developing swing applications. As I just wanted to try that application I ran into java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class java.awt.Toolkit on startup. I've found several questions about server/client vms and noticed that I have a server VM and that for Linux 64 there is no client VM anymore. If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. –This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ...Assuming by 'standard' you both mean Oracle, there is no difference in JSSE between Oracle and OpenJDK (and no difference in the rest of JCE except that in versions before late 2017 Oracle defaulted to the 'limited' crypto policy due to former US export rules, and you needed to add the 'unlimited policy' download, while OpenJDK ddi not).Jan 5, 2021 · 1. I've decided to post this question because it took me the whole morning to find a solution... especially because the most common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class weblogic.jndi.Environment to occur, is when weblogic.jar and wlfullclient.jar aren't being properly located by any of IDE, WebApp, or WL. The root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors.The ClientConfiguration of aws-java-sdk-osgi-1.11.26.jar is dependent of Jackson-databind.jar Jackson-databind.jar is dependent on Jackson-core.jar So it is not able to initialize ClientConfiguration. Added Import-Package importing all from jackson-core-osgi.jar in Manifest of Jackson-databind-osgi.jar. Then the issue is resolvedAfter wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ...Nov 9, 2022 · What Is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError? When the Java Runtime runs a Java program, it does not load all the classes and dependencies at once. Instead, it calls upon the Java Classloader to load classes in memory as-and-when-required. While loading a class, if the Classloader cannot find the class’s definition, it throws the NoClassDefFoundError. May 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init"Oct 14, 2015 · After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ... I am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientMar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml Seems like you are missing a class on your CLASSPATH.That may be caused by various issues, you have to make sure org.owasp.esapi.reference.DefaultValidator is found by the server's CLASSPATH.I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err...Sep 20, 2012 · 4 Answers. This problem is caused by not including the asm dependencies that cglib has. Solution 1: Add the correct versions of asm and asm-util to your classpath. Solution 2: Use the cglib-nodep version (which includes both asm dependencies). I can't thank you enough for your valuable answer for the problem. This is my hibernate util code public class HibernateUtil { private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory(); private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() { ...Today, I updated it and everything went downhill. I've been having different errors throughout my attempt to fix this. First error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.invokerhelper. Second error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache. Anyways, I've been researching and I've done the following.Nov 26, 2013 · Weblogic Start Failed java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: weblogic/Server Hot Network Questions What are the conditions necessary for a programming language to have no undefined behavior? Jun 28, 2021 · I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ... Feb 20, 2013 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams The message Could not initialize class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration means that the JVM has already tried and failed to initialize the class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration. The source code of the class contains the following line: Since this field is marked static, the field's value is set when the class has initialized.Mar 30, 2017 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Removing certain elements from a list of lists Jan 21, 2022 · If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. – The only thing I found is that it's hard to diagnose and the following steps might help you recover. Manually remove the workflow packages from JENKINS_HOME/pluginsToday, I updated it and everything went downhill. I've been having different errors throughout my attempt to fix this. First error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.invokerhelper. Second error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache. Anyways, I've been researching and I've done the following.Nov 28, 2017 · Seems like you are missing a class on your CLASSPATH.That may be caused by various issues, you have to make sure org.owasp.esapi.reference.DefaultValidator is found by the server's CLASSPATH. The setting you showed above doesn’t exist. It’s likely some sort of bug that Lucee is showing a number greater than 115% but unless you’re actually getting memory errors in your app I wouldn’t worry. That said, your app might breath a bit better if you give it more than 512MB, assuming you have it available.Apr 26, 2017 · The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ... The root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors.Mar 16, 2017 · I am using Windows10, eclipse-neon with JDK1.8 version, I am getting the following exception. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.bytedeco.jav... 20. I'm working on XUbuntu 13.04 and developing swing applications. As I just wanted to try that application I ran into java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class java.awt.Toolkit on startup. I've found several questions about server/client vms and noticed that I have a server VM and that for Linux 64 there is no client VM anymore.Aug 1, 2022 · So, the java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class error by our server means it cannot locate the class file. It can be caused by different reasons that are listed below. The issue can be in the static block (also called a static initializer). Java.Lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could Not Initialize Class エラーを根絶するためのソリューション 今日は、別の実行時エラーについて学習します: java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class. まず、このエラーが発生した Java プログラムを調べて、考えられる理由につい ...Aug 28, 2020 · After much searching, I found several instances of this including java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7, but most are older posts on older versions of gradle and groovy or they are related to android. Here is my version info: "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init"Aug 10, 2015 · Spark Error: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope. I've created a spark standalone cluster on my laptop, then I go into an sbt console on a spark project and try to embed a spark instance as so: val conf = new SparkConf ().setAppName ("foo").setMaster (/* Spark Master URL*/) val sc = new SparkContext (conf) sc ... Apr 4, 2021 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.jetbrains.kotlin.com.intellij.pom.java.LanguageLevel 5 Difficulties enabling Kotlin in React Native Expo with Bare Workflow There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh6. Due to the recent vulnerability found on Log4j, We were tasked to move to version >= 2.16.0. Initially, my project was using <version>1.2.17</version>. After adding the necessary dependency, and making the necessary changes, on initiating a request I get the below error: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class ...I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err...This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ... There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.shApr 26, 2017 · The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ... 1. That is almost certainly not the complete stack trace. Either that stack trace or an earlier one in the log file will tell you what caused the initialization of sun.awt.X11.XToolkit to fail. However, I'd hazard a guess that the root cause is that the JVM running the web countainer is "headless"; i.e. it doesn't have an accessible display.It seems Apache POI is trying to load the class org.apache.xmlbeans.XMLOptions but it cannot find this class. The message Could not initialize class SomeClass indicates that the JVM has twice tried and failed to load and statically initialize the class SomeClass. In this case, the class in question is org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument.As you may see first exception that we have NPE at (Plugins.java:17) and I think it's somehow connected with ClassLoaders. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...For this problem not very clear why occur. in order to fix the problem. we can manual use Security.addSecurity method to load jca or analogous component again. like BouncyCastle. now it work fine for me.Im new to Spring, I have just started learning on Spring MVC. I just imported the available small project, but when i run maven on it, it doesn't build successfully.20. I'm working on XUbuntu 13.04 and developing swing applications. As I just wanted to try that application I ran into java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class java.awt.Toolkit on startup. I've found several questions about server/client vms and noticed that I have a server VM and that for Linux 64 there is no client VM anymore.It seems Apache POI is trying to load the class org.apache.xmlbeans.XMLOptions but it cannot find this class. The message Could not initialize class SomeClass indicates that the JVM has twice tried and failed to load and statically initialize the class SomeClass. In this case, the class in question is org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument.May 13, 2022 · java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class org.apache.spark.storage.StorageUtils$ (in unnamed module @0x12a94400) cannot access class sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.nio.ch to unnamed module Jul 27, 2020 · 1 Answer. You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils { and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing (); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil (); and use hibUtil.doAThing (); instead.For ... java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 I don't understand why this happens because I'm not even using Gradle! I'm using Maven as in any of my Spring Boot Projects but this problem only happens whenever I add the Spring Data Cassandra Dependency.Nov 20, 2020 · I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err...

Could not initialize class .....javax.xml.transform.FactoryFinder (in our case). In the article, where we found the solution, it was the class SessionFactory. Class Under Test. We wanted to write a test for a utils class with static members.. Dr. dan kirkpatrick and associates

java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class

Aug 28, 2020 · After much searching, I found several instances of this including java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7, but most are older posts on older versions of gradle and groovy or they are related to android. Here is my version info: I am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientAnd I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library:The message Could not initialize class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration means that the JVM has already tried and failed to initialize the class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration. The source code of the class contains the following line: Since this field is marked static, the field's value is set when the class has initialized.May 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh Assuming by 'standard' you both mean Oracle, there is no difference in JSSE between Oracle and OpenJDK (and no difference in the rest of JCE except that in versions before late 2017 Oracle defaulted to the 'limited' crypto policy due to former US export rules, and you needed to add the 'unlimited policy' download, while OpenJDK ddi not).37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictxPrerequisites I'm trying to rewrite test written with Mockito to avoid open Kotlin classes. For that I use Annotations API as most similar to those in Mockito. In example on website I see an @InjectMockKs over TrafficSystem class without...[Solved] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.validator.engine.ConfigurationImplMay 13, 2022 · java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class org.apache.spark.storage.StorageUtils$ (in unnamed module @0x12a94400) cannot access class sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.nio.ch to unnamed module Nov 20, 2020 · I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err... Jul 27, 2020 · 1 Answer. You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils { and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing (); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil (); and use hibUtil.doAThing (); instead.For ... Part of DBhelper.java class (There are also other static members, the full code is below): public class DBhelper { public static String getString() {return "Hi!";} } And the exception: HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.sher.wtpractice.dao.DBhelperToday, I updated it and everything went downhill. I've been having different errors throughout my attempt to fix this. First error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.invokerhelper. Second error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache. Anyways, I've been researching and I've done the following..

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